Income tax for freelancers and consultants in India

Presumptive tax under 44ADA, advance tax dates, TDS on your fees and when GST kicks in.

What is presumptive taxation (section 44ADA)?

If you're in a specified profession, such as medicine, law, engineering, architecture, accountancy, technical consultancy or interior decoration, you can declare 50% of your gross receipts as profit and pay tax on that, without keeping detailed books. It's available for receipts up to ₹50 lakh, or ₹75 lakh if cash receipts are 5% or less.

Do I have to pay advance tax?

Yes, if your tax for the year will be ₹10,000 or more. Under 44ADA you can pay it all by 15 March. Otherwise it's due in four instalments: 15% by 15 June, 45% by 15 September, 75% by 15 December and 100% by 15 March. Paying late adds interest.

My clients deduct TDS. How do I get it back?

Clients in India usually deduct 10% of professional fees (2% for technical services) as TDS. It appears in your Form 26AS and AIS, and counts towards your tax when you file. If it's more than you owe, the extra is refunded.

When do I need GST registration?

When your turnover from services crosses ₹20 lakh in a year (₹10 lakh in some north-eastern and hill states). Services exported to clients abroad are zero-rated, which usually means no GST to pay, but they still count towards the limit.

Which ITR form do I file?

ITR-4 if you use presumptive taxation and your total income is up to ₹50 lakh. ITR-3 if you keep books and declare your actual profit, or can't use ITR-4 for another reason.

Rules for FY 2025-26 income, updated 23 September 2026. Section numbers are from the Income-tax Act 1961; the Income-tax Act 2025 renumbers them from FY 2026-27. This is general information, not tax advice.

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Frequently asked questions

How much tax does a freelancer pay in India?
Under section 44ADA, tax is worked out on 50% of your receipts. For example, ₹20 lakh of receipts means ₹10 lakh of taxable profit, which pays no tax under the new regime thanks to the section 87A rebate, if you have no other income.
Can a freelancer file ITR-1?
No. ITR-1 can't report business or professional income. Use ITR-4 for presumptive income, or ITR-3.